As a way to acquire more comprehensive understandings of fake news and identify effective countermeasures, our review suggests (1) developing a computational model that considers the characteristics of news consumption environments leveraging insights from social science, (2) understanding the diversity of news consumers through mental models, a. Much of the fake news that flooded the internet during the 2016 election season consisted of written pieces and recorded segments promoting false information or perpetuating conspiracy theories. Some news organizations published reports spotlighting examples of hoaxes, fake news and misinformation on election day 2016. These tools have been used by investigative journalists to uncover the roots of misinformation campaigns, such as one pushing the “pizzagate” conspiracy in the u. s. Many diverse fields across academia are interested in the fake news (fn) phenomenon. A multidisciplinary literature review can provide researchers with new insights, alternative methods, and theories from other fields. The impact on economy and society uncovering the fake news conspiracy busted newspaper app s investigative mission this platform has had a significant influence on both the business world and community. More statistically grounded studies that attempted to measure people’s susceptibility to fake news (roozenbeek et al. , 2020) oversimplified the context by conceptualizing a ‘monological belief system’, ignoring the extent of reach and impact capability offered by individual fake news. (2018) identified six operationalisations of fake news: (a) news satire, (b) news parodies, (c) news fabrication, (d) photo manipulation, (e) advertisement and public relations, 1 and (f) propaganda. Howard ( 2020, p. 86) concurs with zimdars and mcleod, adding that fake news is often made up of a lot of factual content but is packaged in such a way that it misleads the viewer. Analytical thinking safeguards us against believing or spreading fake news. In various forms, this common assumption has been reported, investigated, or implemented in fake news education.
