Verkkowhile cultural evolution will never explain all aspects of music, it offers a useful theoretical framework for understanding diversity and change in the. Verkkothe ways that music creates bridges and boundaries between people has long been of interest in the sociology of music, and a core problem is. Verkkousing a global musical dataset of 5242 songs from 719 societies, we identify five axes of musical diversity and show that music contains. Verkkofrom the tribal beats of africa to the intricate melodies of classical europe, music transcends boundaries, connecting people across continents and centuries.